0 komentar benefits of sea cucumbers Sea cucumbers are marine animals that have several advantages and is useful in curing various diseases. According to nutrition experts from Malaysia Walter Kee Mun Yee, said that in the sea cucumber contains collagen, MPS (mucopolusacarida), DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid). MPS on sea cucumbers in the form of kondritin sulfas useful in restoring and building joint cartilage tissue. The compound was also given the mucus at the cell wall. While EPA and DHA, is called an omega-3 long-chain fatty acids. DHA and EPA are found in many marine animals. According to nutritionists, Dr. Uken Soetrisno, DHA and EPA on the sea cucumber serves to enhance the growth of intelligence and the node - the node nerve or ganglion. according to dr. Luki Kartadinata beneficial DHA and EPA in brain growth and circulation, " Another function of the active compounds, according to Dr. Retno Purwanti Imelda EPA and Omega 3 as a solvent of cholesterol, especially the LDL (known as bad cholesterol). If untreated high cholesterol in humans can cause heart disease. According to Dr. Djaja MD Zen is very good cucumber extracts given to pregnant women, not children. "in some specific studies, DHA is not very potent when the baby is born (DHA) But if you think, Dr. Uken Soetrisno said, in addition to pregnant women, DHA is either given to children under 2 years old. But must be kept balanced nutrition. Because, in this world there is no complete super food, "said doctoral Nutrition Oregon State University alumnus. Also rich in sea cucumbers copper content. copper is very good in the regeneration of cells damaged so that the skin will become younger. Choosing A Saltwater Fish Tank Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 23:12 fish, sea 0 komentar Choosing A Saltwater Fish Tank by: Alison Stevens What to Look For in a Saltwater Fish Tank The decision to purchase a saltwater or marine fish tank for your home or office should not be taken lightly. Marine fish will have requirements far greater than freshwater fish. However, once you’ve decided to purchase a saltwater aquarium you’ll be rewarded with a stunning range of tropical and reef fish to choose from. But first you’ll need to purchase your tank. The selection process can be time consuming and confusing because the range of tanks available is large. The best advice is usually to purchase the largest tank you can afford and that will fit in the available space. There are numerous stories of people starting out their fish tank hobby with a small fish tank only to find in a short space of time that they wish they had purchased a larger tank! A 30-gallon saltwater aquarium is probably the smallest tank you should consider. A fish tank of this size will provide sufficient surface area to allow adequate exchange of oxygen into the water and to provide a comfortable swimming environment for your fish. The oxygen supply in the water together with the water temperature will determine the success or otherwise of your fish keeping hobby. Tropical saltwater fish require a water temperature of about 75 degrees F. The warmer water in the saltwater aquarium will tend to deplete the oxygen in the water which means that the surface area becomes important. The addition of aeration equipment is usually desirable to increase the oxygen concentration. Aeration can usually be provided in conjunction with your filtration equipment. Saltwater fish tanks are available in both acrylic and glass. There are advantages and disadvantages to both. Some of the advantages of glass aquariums are * Glass fish tanks are usually cheaper than acrylic tanks * Glass fish tanks are more scratch resistant than acrylic tanks * Glass fish tanks won't discolor with age * Glass fish tanks won’t require as much brace support as acrylic tanks although the stand needs to be able to support a great weight Advantages of acrylic fish tanks * Acrylic fish tanks are lighter in weight than glass fish tanks * Acrylic fish tanks can be custom made in a shape to suit your home * Acrylic fish tanks are less likely to break * Acrylic fish tanks can be purchased online Setting Up Your Saltwater Fish Tank Bringing your new saltwater fish tank home from the store is only the first step. Never be tempted to purchase fish at the same time that you acquire your aquarium. There are many steps to complete prior to introducing fish to their new home. First, you need to install your tank in its desired location. Avoid locating your saltwater fish tank in any spot that receives sunlight. Sunlight will cause algae to grow in your tank and whilst this will not usually harm the fish it is unsightly and spoils the appearance of your aquarium. Also avoid any locations close to room heaters or where the tank will be exposed to drafts. Many acrylic fish tanks come with a built-in stand. Glass tanks will require a sturdy stand and should have a layer of polystyrene or rubber placed between the tank and the stand to absorb any unevenness. If the tank is unbalanced it will eventually crack. Check your new tank for leaks. Fill it with water and let is stand for a day or two. Once you have confirmed that it is water tight you will need to thoroughly clean the tank and all equipment. Rinse thoroughly. Do not skip the cleaning and rinsing step just because you’ve purchased a new tank and it appears sparkling clean. Your fish will die if there are any contaminants left in the tank! Don’t forget to wash the gravel before adding it the tank. Add all your other equipment in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions. Your pet store will have provided advice on how to set up your saltwater fish tank. After you have added your salt water and confirmed that the salt and chemical levels are correct you’ll need to run all your equipment for at least 72 hours to filter and heat your water and stabilize your tank. Let the aquarium cycle to build up the correct biological levels. The hardest part of setting up your saltwater fish tank is now complete and now you’ll be able to go and select your colorful fish! About The Author Alison Stevens is an online author and maintains the website http://www.goldfishsite.com/blog/ to assist anyone who wants to get started with setting up an aquarium fish tank and gain an understanding of fresh and saltwater fish tank maintenance. Sand Sea Cucumber Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 21:58 sea 0 komentar Sand Sea Cucumber In Indonesian waters, there are many kinds of sea cucumbers. However, that has high economic value are only a few species only. the sand sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra), sea cucumbers, black abdomen (H. atra), sea cucumbers milk (H. nobilis), sea cucumbers red belly (H. edulis), and sea cucumbers pineapple (Ananas Thelenota). Sea cucumbers are delicious side dishes and liked the Chinese community and sell high value on the market. Sea cucumbers are traded in the form of preservation / dry. Currently many countries in the world who grow cucumbers, one of which was a lot of sea cucumbers grown in Indonesia is the sand sea cucumber (Holothuria scabs). Sand sea cucumber cultivation made possible by coastal communities. This is because the mind power technique is quite simple and the necessary investment is relatively small. A. Systematics Family Holothuridae Holothuridae Species scabra Trade name sea cucumber, beche-de-mere Local name sea cucumber B. The characteristics and Biological Aspects 1. Physical characteristics Elongated physique like cucumbers. By karma that this animal called the sea cucumber or sea cucumber. Mouth and anus located at both ends of the body. Part of his punggun gray with a white ribbon or yellow extending horizontally. Lower body is white and mottled black / dark. 2. Growth and development Sand sea cucumber can grow up to sizes 40 inches and weighs 1.5 kg. Gonadal maturation of aquatic animals settle two (diocese), first occurred in the average size of 220 mm. A female sea cucumbers are able to produce eggs in very much until they reach about 1.9 million eggs. Animal life cycle begins with the fertilized eggs that will hatch in 2 days seitar time. C. Cultivation Site Selection Location cucumber cultivation of good meet the following criteria. - Basic water consists of sand. - Sand lined muddy seagrass (seagrass). - At the lowest ebb was still inundated by deep water between 4o-8o cm. - Brightness of water above 75 cm and the flow is not too strong and sheltered from strong winds. - The waters are not polluted and is within easy reach. - Salinity between 24-33 ppt and temperature of 25-30 degrees centigrade D. Container Cultivation at the selected location step on brackets built a fence made of bamboo or wood. Brackets Waring step on the nylon-coated 0.2 cm size of the eye next to it. Bamboo fence / boards should be embedded in and strong enough to the bottom waters so as not to leak. confinement. Size approximately 50 M2 cages or tailored to the needs. For example, stocking of size cucumbers density should be 40-60 g 6-8 ekor/m2 or a larger sea cucumbers, which is between 70-100 g with a density of 4-6 ekor/m2 E. Cultivation Management 1. Provision of seeds Selected cucumber seeds uniform, both in types and sizes. Characteristic of the good seed is the body contains and no defects. Avoid also the selection of seeds that have been issued a yellow liquid. Transporting seeds should not in a long time (more than one hour) and in a state stacked / solid. Transport of seeds carried out in the morning or at night or during low temperatures. Containers used in transporting sand substrates were given, especially for an open transport system. 2. Spreading. seeds Seed cucumbers with initial weight of 40-60 g of spread into the brackets 5-6 density step on the tail / m 2. Spreading done in the morning, afternoon, or when the temperature / low water. before the seeds spread, the seeds have first adapted to salinity and water conditions in cultivation sites. 3. Feeding Cucumbers feed consists of microorganisms, like bacteria and ptotozoa, remains benthos, macro algae, and detritus. During the maintenance which lasted about 4-5 months, the seeds of cucumbers were given feed chicken manure, compost, or mixed with bran 0.1 kg / m 2 once a week. Chicken manure or fine bran before spread mixed with clean water, then stir thoroughly so as not to drift or float. Feeding is done at low tide. Provision of chicken manure serves as fertilizer to stimulate growth that is diatomae main feed cucumbers. F. Controlling Pests and Diseases Types of common pests datam confinement cucumbers are crabs, sea urchins, and starfish. Pest control by manually taking a certain period. Meanwhile, the type of disease affecting Holothuroidae sea cucumbers in the family has not been known for its power of mind is underdeveloped. G. Harvest Sea cucumbers the size of consumption with weight 300-500 g can be achieved when maintained for 4-5 months to harvest. Sea cucumber harvest done at low tide. Harvest done several times as many who immerse themselves in sand or mud. To determine whether the sea cucumber is terpanen all, pengecakan performed at high tide because the sea cucumber happy out of hiding after the high tide. source: PenebarSwadaya, 2008 cetak halaman ini Estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 15:23 sea 0 komentar Estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) Estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) is known as the community of the world's largest crocodile. This crocodile differences with other types of scales behind the head is small or absent, dorsal bud scales of short numbered 16 to 17 rows from the front and back are usually 6 to 8 lines. Estuarine crocodile has a size larger than that of freshwater crocodiles in the upper and lower jaw and tooth size. They have a variety of colors from gray to dark green, especially in adult crocodile, while the young crocodile is more greenish color with black spots and stripes on the tail. Males can grow up to 7 meters (23 feet), but most are less than 5 meters. The female usually has a length of less than 4 meters and can begin to lay eggs and make a nest about 12 years. The maximum lifespan is not known but estimated that they could live at least 70 to 100 years. This type occupies Crocodile estuary habitats, sometimes found in open sea. Its main food is fish, although it can infect humans and wild boar near the river to drink. This crocodile spread in almost all Indonesian waters. Estuarine crocodile breeding during the rainy season (months Nov-Mar) and build nests that most of the plants and the soil mound. Nests are usually located in the grass or the edge of the forest along the river or freshwater marsh. In the nest, saved about 50 eggs and incubation lasts between 65 to 110 days-a female crocodile guarding nest is usually closely and therefore these crocodiles hide in the nearest puddle. Incubation temperature determines the sex of crocodile eggs that hatched, at very high temperatures or low temperatures will produce a female crocodile, and the temperature from 31 to 32 degrees Celsius will produce a male alligator. Of eggs - eggs that are stored only about 25%, which will hatch. source: Warta Pasar Ikan, Dir. PemasarandalamNegeri, DirjenP2HP, DepartemenKelautandanPerikanan The characteristics and classification of flying fish Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 06:44 fish, sea 0 komentar The characteristics and classification of flying fish Flying fish is one of the small pelagic fish that are found diperairan tropical and sub-tropical waters with no cloudy conditions and muddy. Flying fish is a fish that has many types, according to the classification, including flying fish in the Class Actinopterygii, Subklas Neopterygii, Super Order Acanthopterygii, Order Beloniformes, Sub Belonoidei Order, Family Exocoetidae and has genus 9. Flying fish of the genus comprises 33 species Cheilopogon including Cheilopogon ebei, C. agoo, Cypselurus genus consists of 12 species, including Cypselurus angusticeps, C. callopterus; Danichthys genus consists of 1 species of Danichthys i1ma. Exocoetus genus of 5 species of which Exocoetus gibbosus and E. monocirrhus-, Fodiator genus consists of the 2 species and E Fodiator acutus rostratus; Hirundichthys genus of 8 species including Hirundichthys oxycephalus and H. rondeletii; Oxyporhamphus genus of 4 species of which Oxyporhamphus convexus and 0. micropterus; Parexocoetus genus comprising 3 species including Parexocoetus brachypterus; and Prognichthys genus of 2 species, including Prognichthys brevipinnis and P gibbifrons. Flying fish has ciriciri the average length of 18 cm, round, elongated body, upper body, dark, shiny, lower body, dorsal and anal fins transparent tail fins of gray, ventral fins grayish on top and light on bottom, pectoral fin dark gray with short punctate. Weak spines on the dorsal fin numbered 10-12, 1-12 in the anal fin, the pectoral fin of 14-15 with the first fin is not forked, ventral fins not reaching dorsal fin with the ventral fin base closer to the posterior end than at the base of the head tail, lateral lines are located at the bottom of the body. cycloid scales relatively large size and easy go with pradorsal scales and 32-37 scales on the axis of the body 51-56. source: Warta Pasar Ikan, DG P2HP, DKP, 2009 salted fish Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 06:28 fish, sea 0 komentar salted fish Salted fish is cooked food preservation by salting and drying. There are 3 ways for it: 1) dry salting drying; 2) wet salting (boiled in salt water) by drying; 3) salinity combined with fermentation (making the fish bike). 2. MATERIALS 1) Sea Fish (fresh fish) 10 kg 2) 3 kg of kitchen salt 3. TOOLS 1) Bak (wooden barrels) where the salinity 2) Knives 3) Tampah (nyiru) 4) Chest Wood (bamboo basket) 4. HOW DEVELOPMENT 1) Dispose of fish guts (do not let the bile rupture); 2) Cut-cut (for large fish) with a thick 2 ~ 3 cm, apart from back (for medium or small fish); 3) Wash, add to the container (wooden barrels) and sprinkle with salt; 4) Arrange the tub (wooden barrels) are punctuated with a layer of cross-salt then close the timber; 5) Save in the room who did not receive direct sunlight for 3 days; 6) dry to dry for about 3 days; 7) Enter in bamboo baskets or wooden boxes. Note: 1) Salty fish is of good quality if you qualify Industry Standard Indonesia (SII), namely: a. Has a smell, taste, and the normal color, and good form; b. The most high-yield water 25% c. Salt content (NaCl) between 10% ~ 20%; d. Does not contain a metal mold, did not happen milking bacteria; 2) There are several ways to speed up the drying of salted fish: a. Drying fish on the rack as high ± 1 m from the ground, in open space; b. Drying fish in the space of plastic dryer (solar dryer); c. Hot air flows into the surface of the fish in the room (mechanical dryer); d. Setting the way for drying fish, do not overlap; e. Chop meat fish; f. Making cuts in the fish meat. Jakarta, March 2000 Source: Tri Margono, Detty Suryati, Sri Hartinah, Technology Handbook Food, Information Center for Women in Development-LIPI PDII in cooperation with the Swiss Development Cooperation, 1993. Editor: Esti, Agus Sediadi Pearl oyster Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 06:58 sea 0 komentar Pearl oyster Until now the pearl of the moral power can be a sea pearls and freshwater pearls. Product sea pearls are grown in this international market is as follows. 1. Akoya pearl High-quality pearls produced from P. fucata. A maximum size of 10 mm. White pearl with nuance greenness very beautiful. This type is produced in Japan and China. 2. South sea pearl pearl is produced in Indonesia and Australia resulting from P. maxima. Groups including pearl white, large up to 18 mm. This type of silvery white, yellowish, pink, and golden. 3. Black pearl This resulted from a pearl P. margaritifera. Black pearl is very captivating and a jet black color. This type of size is smaller than the size of south sea pearl. Major countries: Tahiti, Hawaii, and Cook Island. A. Sistematika Family: Pteridae Species: Pinctada maxima P. margaritifera Trade names: pearl Oyster Name of the local pearl B. The characteristics of Biology and the Aspect 1. Physical characteristics Pearl shell has a pair of body shell together at the back with hinges. Both the body shell not the same shape. body shell is more convex than the other. In the side of the body shell (nacre) mengilap top. 2. Growth and development Pearl oyster is a hermaphrodite, protandrous tendency comparison with the male: female = 1: 1, with increase in age. livestock often occur due to extreme temperature changes or changes in the environment that happens suddenly. Livestock pearl oyster in tropical waters is not limited to only one season, but they can throughout the year. P. Margaritifera approaching mature gonad in the second year, whereas P. maxima mature male gonad after measuring 110-120 mm in the body shell of the first year of his life. growth is an important aspect of the biology of the allegations related to the success of the usaha.Tiram pearl P.margaritifera body shell diameter reached the size of 7-8 cm in the first year, and approaching the size of approximately 11 cm in the second year. Other types of growth, P. maxima, reaching 10-16 cm diameter body shell in the second year. C. Management of Cultivation To produce a pearl sea Spat from the hatchery, take about 4 years. Sea pearl cultivation technology, consisting of seeding, seed enlargement, production of pearls, and harvest. 1. Provision of seeds Early development of the seed used comes from the nature of the arrest. Arrest made using Spat collector nets made of nylon nets eyed halos. Collectors are straightened in the area of distribution of pearl oyster. Within 2-4 weeks, the seed oyster (Spat) will stick to the collector's. Nowadays, with the progress of science and technology Spat oyster pearls can be produced through the process of farming in the hatchery. The process begins with the selection of parent already mature gonad. Parent-parent should come from different populations to produce high quality seed. 2) maintenance Nurseri kept in the seed until the adult size of 10-12 cm and 12-18 during the month. on the size of the pearl production process can be implemented. The stage production of pearls as follows. a) choose to injected adult oyster. selection based on size, age, health condition and oyster. b) Setting up a snippet of a coat pocket, and about 4-5 mm2 core size of 3,03-9,09 mm. discount coat (shaibo) is taken from the oyster deliberately prepared / sacrificed for such purpose. c) Preconditioning (weakened) to facilitate the establishment of the oyster body shell during the inject core trasplantasi da discount coat or shaibo. d) slices on the base of the foot near the gonad. To score in the core is inserted and placed shaibo jog. e) the wedge and the wedge body shell, and put to the oyster basket. Cart is made of net-shaped rectangle. For each basket, placed 10 oyster head. f) Caring for how clean the oyster to the basket and outside the body shell, oyster invert, and check if the pearls have or have not been using x-ray diffraction. This treatment is done every 4 hours for 2 weeks, unless the examination with x-ray diffraction. g) Moving to the oyster in the container have a pocket-shaped basket made of the net. In each piece there are 4 fruit bag. Each bag filled with an oyster. Vessel's swing to the exposition or longline mine. Oyster bags and cleaned every week. D. Controlling Pests. and Diseases Pests usually attack the body shell. Hama is a type of barnacle, racing, and is capable of polichaeta body shell oyster drill. The other pests such as animal predators, such as octopus and fish sidat. Prevention efforts with a clean pest-pest with a manual in a period of time. Pearl oyster disease is generally caused by parasites, bacteria, and viruses. parasite that is often found Haplosporidium nelsoni. Bacteria that are often a problem between enalia other Pseudomonas, Vibrio anguillarum, and Achromobacter sp. Meanwhile, the type of virus that is usually pearl oyster is menginfeksi herpes virus. Efforts to reduce the attack on the disease, among others, the pearl oyster a) always monitors the salinity to be in the range needed to maintain health oyster, b) ensure that the water temperature fluctuation is not too high, such as maintenance oyster does not close the surface of the water during the winter, c) the location of body with the power selected brightness is good, and d) does not choose a location on the basis of the muddy sand. G. Harvest After a period of 18-24 months, the pearl is harvested can be done. Next, harvest cleaned and choose quality. source: PenebarSwadaya, 2008 Kima shellfish cultivation Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 04:26 sea 0 komentar Kima shellfish cultivation Indonesia is the region of the distribution of 4 species kima is squama kima (T. squamosa), kima great (T. Maxima), kima holes (T. crocea), and T. derasa. In addition, there are also kima other species, namely H. hypophus, T. gigas, and H. porcellanus. Tridacna shell is a kind of famous because of its size and relatively large body shell used as a raw material for industrial decoration. Because of intensive hunting, the type of shell is reduced so that the population to protection with the inclusion in CITES. Type of shell is not listed in the book production statistics for national and global. A. Sistematika Family: Tridacnidae Species: Tridacna spp Trade names: giant clam Local name: -- B. The characteristics of Biology and the Aspect I. Physical characteristics body shell has a slit without byssus-tooth gear lock. When fully opened, lateral mantle appear through the body shell. 2. Growth and development Kima growth vary according to species. Kima the largest type size, namely T. gigas can reach the size of one meter and bobotnya about 200 kg. Other types of kima is large T. derasa length of 6o cm. The size of other species, such as T and T squamosa maxima around 35-40 cm. Among the to-5 type of Tridacna is the smallest size T. crocea. The size of the type of pitch length kima is about 15 cm. C. Elections Location Cultivation Best location for power kima is cultivated areas that have clear water (brightness> 10 m) and high salt (34-35 ppt) throughout the year. D. Cultivation vessel Efforts indebted power kima basically lead to conservation activities or restocking / stock enhancement. A clear-minded activities charged in the case, especially the provision of seeds. For the maintenance of the seed used tank-concrete and fiberglass tanks. From the ecological aspect, this animal is one of the marine organisms that live in coral ecosystems. Several types of kima live on the stick. coral. Moral power to vessel enlargement kima reef waters is open. Seeds that are ready tebar after juvenil is kept in the tanks for 3-4 months. E. Management of Cultivation 1. Provision of seeds Shells through this phase trocophore, which hatch from eggs flyblow changed to veliger. Next, veliger be changed again and eventually become pediveliger kima young. stage (hatchery) covers maintenance flyblow resulting from a fertilized egg. Implementation in the vessel placed in the room (indoor) and outdoor (outdoor). 2. Maintenance of seed Pendederan stages (nursery) in form of young oysters from the length, body shell of 0.2 mm to reach young kima measuring 20-30 mm. This activity is carried out using a tank-tank in the hatchery (residence seed). 3. Maintenance stages of the seed in the sea At this stage the young kima size is about 20 mm in length to the vessel body shell. reach the 200 MM. 4. enlargement Stages of enlargement, the size of 200 mm long body shell is ready to harvest, on the other. This stage has not been implemented in a commercial because it has not been economical. F. Controlling Pests and Diseases Pyramidellid parasite attack and cause the death of 100% of the T. squamosa used in the experiment. Kima is also often become prey octopus (oktopus). An octopus can take more than 15 kima tails in a few nights. Of the disease is not much known G. Harvest Kima enlargement is done on open water. Term harvest must be distinguished between the collection / capture of the old nature is prohibited, harvest basil and stock enhancement activities. To export the size (length 15-20 cm), long maintenance of about 2 years. Harvesting is done with the use of assisted taken a tool on the marked area, that area is the location of stock enhancement. Harvesting in living conditions, for example, to fill the aquarium, because the price will be more expensive than kima dead. source: PenebarSwadaya 2008

Sea cucumbers are marine animals that have several advantages and is useful in curing various diseases.

According to nutrition experts from Malaysia Walter Kee Mun Yee, said that in the sea cucumber contains collagen, MPS (mucopolusacarida), DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid).

MPS on sea cucumbers in the form of kondritin sulfas useful in restoring and building joint cartilage tissue. The compound was also given the mucus at the cell wall.


While EPA and DHA, is called an omega-3 long-chain fatty acids. DHA and EPA are found in many marine animals.

According to nutritionists, Dr. Uken Soetrisno, DHA and EPA on the sea cucumber serves to enhance the growth of intelligence and the node - the node nerve or ganglion.

according to dr. Luki Kartadinata beneficial DHA and EPA in brain growth and circulation, "


Another function of the active compounds, according to Dr. Retno Purwanti Imelda EPA and Omega 3 as a solvent of cholesterol, especially the LDL (known as bad cholesterol). If untreated high cholesterol in humans can cause heart disease.



According to Dr. Djaja MD Zen is very good cucumber extracts given to pregnant women, not children. "in some specific studies, DHA is not very potent when the baby is born (DHA)

But if you think, Dr. Uken Soetrisno said, in addition to pregnant women, DHA is either given to children under 2 years old. But must be kept balanced nutrition. Because, in this world there is no complete super food, "said doctoral Nutrition Oregon State University alumnus.

Also rich in sea cucumbers copper content. copper is very good in the regeneration of cells damaged so that the skin will become younger.
Choosing A Saltwater Fish Tank
Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 23:12
fish, sea
0 komentar
Choosing A Saltwater Fish Tank
by: Alison Stevens



What to Look For in a Saltwater Fish Tank

The decision to purchase a saltwater or marine fish tank for your home or office should not be taken lightly. Marine fish will have requirements far greater than freshwater fish. However, once you’ve decided to purchase a saltwater aquarium you’ll be rewarded with a stunning range of tropical and reef fish to choose from.

But first you’ll need to purchase your tank. The selection process can be time consuming and confusing because the range of tanks available is large. The best advice is usually to purchase the largest tank you can afford and that will fit in the available space. There are numerous stories of people starting out their fish tank hobby with a small fish tank only to find in a short space of time that they wish they had purchased a larger tank!

A 30-gallon saltwater aquarium is probably the smallest tank you should consider. A fish tank of this size will provide sufficient surface area to allow adequate exchange of oxygen into the water and to provide a comfortable swimming environment for your fish.

The oxygen supply in the water together with the water temperature will determine the success or otherwise of your fish keeping hobby. Tropical saltwater fish require a water temperature of about 75 degrees F. The warmer water in the saltwater aquarium will tend to deplete the oxygen in the water which means that the surface area becomes important. The addition of aeration equipment is usually desirable to increase the oxygen concentration. Aeration can usually be provided in conjunction with your filtration equipment.

Saltwater fish tanks are available in both acrylic and glass. There are advantages and disadvantages to both. Some of the advantages of glass aquariums are
* Glass fish tanks are usually cheaper than acrylic tanks
* Glass fish tanks are more scratch resistant than acrylic tanks
* Glass fish tanks won't discolor with age
* Glass fish tanks won’t require as much brace support as acrylic tanks although the stand needs to be able to support a great weight

Advantages of acrylic fish tanks
* Acrylic fish tanks are lighter in weight than glass fish tanks
* Acrylic fish tanks can be custom made in a shape to suit your home
* Acrylic fish tanks are less likely to break
* Acrylic fish tanks can be purchased online

Setting Up Your Saltwater Fish Tank

Bringing your new saltwater fish tank home from the store is only the first step. Never be tempted to purchase fish at the same time that you acquire your aquarium. There are many steps to complete prior to introducing fish to their new home.

First, you need to install your tank in its desired location. Avoid locating your saltwater fish tank in any spot that receives sunlight. Sunlight will cause algae to grow in your tank and whilst this will not usually harm the fish it is unsightly and spoils the appearance of your aquarium. Also avoid any locations close to room heaters or where the tank will be exposed to drafts.

Many acrylic fish tanks come with a built-in stand. Glass tanks will require a sturdy stand and should have a layer of polystyrene or rubber placed between the tank and the stand to absorb any unevenness. If the tank is unbalanced it will eventually crack.

Check your new tank for leaks. Fill it with water and let is stand for a day or two. Once you have confirmed that it is water tight you will need to thoroughly clean the tank and all equipment. Rinse thoroughly. Do not skip the cleaning and rinsing step just because you’ve purchased a new tank and it appears sparkling clean. Your fish will die if there are any contaminants left in the tank! Don’t forget to wash the gravel before adding it the tank. Add all your other equipment in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions. Your pet store will have provided advice on how to set up your saltwater fish tank.

After you have added your salt water and confirmed that the salt and chemical levels are correct you’ll need to run all your equipment for at least 72 hours to filter and heat your water and stabilize your tank. Let the aquarium cycle to build up the correct biological levels.

The hardest part of setting up your saltwater fish tank is now complete and now you’ll be able to go and select your colorful fish!


About The Author
Alison Stevens is an online author and maintains the website http://www.goldfishsite.com/blog/ to assist anyone who wants to get started with setting up an aquarium fish tank and gain an understanding of fresh and saltwater fish tank maintenance.
Sand Sea Cucumber
Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 21:58
sea
0 komentar
Sand Sea Cucumber

In Indonesian waters, there are many kinds of sea cucumbers. However, that has high economic value are only a few species only. the sand sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra), sea cucumbers, black abdomen (H. atra), sea cucumbers milk (H. nobilis), sea cucumbers red belly (H. edulis), and sea cucumbers pineapple (Ananas Thelenota). Sea cucumbers are delicious side dishes and liked the Chinese community and sell high value on the market. Sea cucumbers are traded in the form of preservation / dry.




Currently many countries in the world who grow cucumbers, one of which was a lot of sea cucumbers grown in Indonesia is the sand sea cucumber (Holothuria scabs). Sand sea cucumber cultivation made possible by coastal communities. This is because the mind power technique is quite simple and the necessary investment is relatively small.


A. Systematics
Family Holothuridae
Holothuridae Species scabra
Trade name sea cucumber, beche-de-mere
Local name sea cucumber



B. The characteristics and Biological Aspects

1. Physical characteristics
Elongated physique like cucumbers. By karma that this animal called the sea cucumber or sea cucumber. Mouth and anus located at both ends of the body. Part of his punggun
gray with a white ribbon or yellow extending horizontally. Lower body is white and mottled black / dark.


2. Growth and development
Sand sea cucumber can grow up to sizes 40 inches and weighs 1.5 kg. Gonadal maturation of aquatic animals settle two (diocese), first occurred in the average size of 220 mm. A female sea cucumbers are able to produce eggs in very much until they reach about 1.9 million eggs. Animal life cycle begins with the fertilized eggs that will hatch in 2 days seitar time.

C. Cultivation Site Selection
Location cucumber cultivation of good meet the following criteria.
- Basic water consists of sand.
- Sand lined muddy seagrass (seagrass).
- At the lowest ebb was still inundated by deep water between
4o-8o cm.
- Brightness of water above 75 cm and the flow is not too strong and sheltered from strong winds.
- The waters are not polluted and is within easy reach.
- Salinity between 24-33 ppt and temperature of 25-30 degrees centigrade


D. Container Cultivation
at the selected location step on brackets built a fence made of bamboo or wood. Brackets Waring step on the nylon-coated 0.2 cm size of the eye next to it. Bamboo fence / boards should be embedded in and strong enough to the bottom waters so as not to leak. confinement. Size approximately 50 M2 cages or tailored to the needs. For example, stocking of size cucumbers density should be 40-60 g 6-8 ekor/m2
or a larger sea cucumbers, which is between 70-100 g with a density of 4-6 ekor/m2


E. Cultivation Management

1. Provision of seeds
Selected cucumber seeds uniform, both in types and sizes. Characteristic of the good seed is the body contains and no defects. Avoid also the selection of seeds that have been issued a yellow liquid.

Transporting seeds should not in a long time (more than one hour) and in a state stacked / solid. Transport of seeds carried out in the morning or at night or during low temperatures. Containers used in transporting sand substrates were given, especially for an open transport system.


2. Spreading. seeds
Seed cucumbers with initial weight of 40-60 g of spread into the brackets 5-6 density step on the tail / m 2. Spreading done in the morning, afternoon, or when the temperature / low water. before the seeds spread, the seeds have first adapted to salinity and water conditions in cultivation sites.


3. Feeding
Cucumbers feed consists of microorganisms, like bacteria and ptotozoa, remains benthos, macro algae, and detritus. During the maintenance which lasted about 4-5 months, the seeds of cucumbers were given feed chicken manure, compost, or mixed with bran 0.1 kg / m 2 once a week. Chicken manure or fine bran before spread mixed with clean water, then stir thoroughly so as not to drift or float.

Feeding is done at low tide. Provision of chicken manure serves as fertilizer to stimulate growth that is diatomae main feed cucumbers.


F. Controlling Pests and Diseases
Types of common pests datam confinement
cucumbers are crabs, sea urchins, and starfish. Pest control by manually taking a certain period. Meanwhile, the type of disease affecting

Holothuroidae sea cucumbers in the family has not been known for its power of mind is underdeveloped.


G. Harvest
Sea cucumbers the size of consumption with weight 300-500 g can be achieved when maintained for 4-5 months to harvest. Sea cucumber harvest done at low tide. Harvest done several times as many who immerse themselves in sand or mud. To determine whether the sea cucumber is terpanen all, pengecakan performed at high tide because the sea cucumber happy out of hiding after the high tide.

source: PenebarSwadaya, 2008

cetak halaman ini
Estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)
Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 15:23
sea
0 komentar
Estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)










Estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) is known as the community of the world's largest crocodile. This crocodile differences with other types of scales behind the head is small or absent, dorsal bud scales of short numbered 16 to 17 rows from the front and back are usually 6 to 8 lines. Estuarine crocodile has a size larger than that of freshwater crocodiles in the upper and lower jaw and tooth size. They have a variety of colors from gray to dark green, especially in adult crocodile, while the young crocodile is more greenish color with black spots and stripes on the tail.

Males can grow up to 7 meters (23 feet), but most are less than 5 meters. The female usually has a length of less than 4 meters and can begin to lay eggs and make a nest about 12 years. The maximum lifespan is not known but estimated that they could live at least 70 to 100 years. This type occupies Crocodile estuary habitats, sometimes found in open sea.

Its main food is fish, although it can infect humans and wild boar near the river to drink. This crocodile spread in almost all Indonesian waters.
Estuarine crocodile breeding during the rainy season (months Nov-Mar) and build nests that most of the plants and the soil mound. Nests are usually located in the grass or the edge of the forest along the river or freshwater marsh. In the nest, saved about 50 eggs and incubation lasts between 65 to 110 days-a female crocodile guarding nest is usually closely and therefore these crocodiles hide in the nearest puddle. Incubation temperature determines the sex of crocodile eggs that hatched, at very high temperatures or low temperatures will produce a female crocodile, and the temperature from 31 to 32 degrees Celsius will produce a male alligator. Of eggs - eggs that are stored only about 25%, which will hatch.

source: Warta Pasar Ikan, Dir. PemasarandalamNegeri, DirjenP2HP, DepartemenKelautandanPerikanan
The characteristics and classification of flying fish
Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 06:44
fish, sea
0 komentar
The characteristics and classification of flying fish


Flying fish is one of the small pelagic fish that are found diperairan
tropical and sub-tropical waters with no cloudy conditions and muddy. Flying fish is a fish that has many types, according to the classification, including flying fish in the Class Actinopterygii, Subklas Neopterygii, Super Order


Acanthopterygii, Order Beloniformes, Sub Belonoidei Order, Family Exocoetidae and has genus 9. Flying fish of the genus comprises 33 species Cheilopogon including Cheilopogon ebei, C. agoo, Cypselurus genus consists of 12 species, including Cypselurus angusticeps, C. callopterus; Danichthys genus consists of 1 species of Danichthys i1ma. Exocoetus genus of 5 species of which Exocoetus gibbosus and E. monocirrhus-, Fodiator genus consists of the 2 species and E Fodiator acutus rostratus; Hirundichthys genus of 8 species including Hirundichthys oxycephalus and H. rondeletii;

Oxyporhamphus genus of 4 species of which Oxyporhamphus convexus and 0. micropterus; Parexocoetus genus comprising 3 species including Parexocoetus brachypterus; and Prognichthys genus of 2 species, including Prognichthys brevipinnis and P gibbifrons.
Flying fish has ciriciri the average length of 18 cm, round, elongated body, upper body, dark, shiny, lower body, dorsal and anal fins transparent tail fins of gray, ventral fins grayish on top and light on bottom, pectoral fin dark gray with short punctate.

Weak spines on the dorsal fin numbered 10-12, 1-12 in the anal fin, the pectoral fin of 14-15 with the first fin is not forked, ventral fins not reaching dorsal fin with the ventral fin base closer to the posterior end than at the base of the head tail, lateral lines are located at the bottom of the body. cycloid scales relatively large size and easy go with pradorsal scales and 32-37 scales on the axis of the body 51-56.
source: Warta Pasar Ikan, DG P2HP, DKP, 2009
salted fish
Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 06:28
fish, sea
0 komentar
salted fish

Salted fish is cooked food preservation by salting and
drying.
There are 3 ways for it:
1) dry salting drying;
2) wet salting (boiled in salt water) by drying;
3) salinity combined with fermentation (making the fish
bike).
2. MATERIALS
1) Sea Fish (fresh fish) 10 kg
2) 3 kg of kitchen salt
3. TOOLS
1) Bak (wooden barrels) where the salinity
2) Knives
3) Tampah (nyiru)
4) Chest Wood (bamboo basket)
4. HOW DEVELOPMENT
1) Dispose of fish guts (do not let the bile rupture);
2) Cut-cut (for large fish) with a thick 2 ~ 3 cm, apart from
back (for medium or small fish);
3) Wash, add to the container (wooden barrels) and sprinkle with salt;
4) Arrange the tub (wooden barrels) are punctuated with a layer of cross-salt
then close the timber;
5) Save in the room who did not receive direct sunlight
for 3 days;
6) dry to dry for about 3 days;
7) Enter in bamboo baskets or wooden boxes.
Note:
1) Salty fish is of good quality if you qualify Industry Standard
Indonesia (SII), namely:
a. Has a smell, taste, and the normal color, and good form;
b. The most high-yield water 25%
c. Salt content (NaCl) between 10% ~ 20%;
d. Does not contain a metal mold, did not happen milking bacteria;
2) There are several ways to speed up the drying of salted fish:
a. Drying fish on the rack as high ± 1 m from the ground, in
open space;
b. Drying fish in the space of plastic dryer (solar dryer);
c. Hot air flows into the surface of the fish in the room (mechanical
dryer);
d. Setting the way for drying fish, do not overlap;
e. Chop meat fish;
f. Making cuts in the fish meat.
Jakarta, March 2000
Source: Tri Margono, Detty Suryati, Sri Hartinah, Technology Handbook
Food, Information Center for Women in Development-LIPI PDII
in cooperation with the Swiss Development Cooperation, 1993.
Editor: Esti, Agus Sediadi
Pearl oyster
Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 06:58
sea
0 komentar



Pearl oyster

Until now the pearl of the moral power can be a sea pearls and freshwater pearls. Product sea pearls are grown in this international market is as follows.

1. Akoya pearl
High-quality pearls produced from P. fucata. A maximum size of 10 mm. White pearl with nuance greenness very beautiful. This type is produced in Japan and China.


2. South sea pearl
pearl is produced in Indonesia and Australia resulting from P. maxima. Groups including pearl white, large up to 18 mm. This type of silvery white, yellowish, pink, and golden.

3. Black pearl
This resulted from a pearl P. margaritifera. Black pearl is very captivating and a jet black color. This type of size is smaller than the size of south sea pearl. Major countries: Tahiti, Hawaii, and Cook Island.


A. Sistematika
Family: Pteridae
Species: Pinctada maxima
P. margaritifera
Trade names: pearl Oyster

Name of the local pearl


B. The characteristics of Biology and the Aspect

1. Physical characteristics
Pearl shell has a pair of body shell together at the back with hinges. Both the body shell
not the same shape. body shell is more convex than the other. In the side of the body shell (nacre) mengilap top.


2. Growth and development
Pearl oyster is a hermaphrodite, protandrous tendency comparison with the male: female = 1: 1, with increase in age. livestock often occur due to extreme temperature changes or changes in the environment that happens suddenly. Livestock pearl oyster in tropical waters is not limited to only one season, but they can throughout the year. P. Margaritifera approaching mature gonad in the second year, whereas P. maxima mature male gonad after measuring 110-120 mm in the body shell of the first year of his life.
growth is an important aspect of the biology of the allegations related to the success of the usaha.Tiram pearl P.margaritifera body shell diameter reached the size of 7-8 cm in the first year, and approaching the size of approximately 11 cm in the second year. Other types of growth, P. maxima, reaching 10-16 cm diameter body shell in the second year.


C. Management of Cultivation
To produce a pearl sea Spat from the hatchery, take about 4 years. Sea pearl cultivation technology, consisting of seeding, seed enlargement, production of pearls, and harvest.

1. Provision of seeds
Early development of the seed used comes from the nature of the arrest. Arrest made using Spat collector nets made of nylon nets eyed halos. Collectors are straightened in the area of distribution of pearl oyster. Within 2-4 weeks, the seed oyster (Spat) will stick to the collector's.


Nowadays, with the progress of science and technology Spat oyster pearls can be produced through the process of farming in the hatchery. The process begins with the selection of parent already mature gonad. Parent-parent should come from different populations to produce high quality seed.

2) maintenance
Nurseri kept in the seed until the adult size of 10-12 cm and 12-18 during the month. on the size of the pearl production process can be implemented. The stage production of pearls as follows.

a) choose to injected adult oyster. selection based on size, age, health condition and oyster.

b) Setting up a snippet of a coat pocket, and about 4-5 mm2 core size of 3,03-9,09 mm. discount coat (shaibo) is taken from the oyster deliberately prepared / sacrificed for such purpose.


c) Preconditioning (weakened) to facilitate the establishment of the oyster body shell during the inject core trasplantasi da discount coat or shaibo.


d) slices on the base of the foot near the gonad. To score in the core is inserted and placed shaibo jog.

e) the wedge and the wedge body shell, and put
to the oyster basket. Cart is made of
net-shaped rectangle. For each basket,
placed 10 oyster head.


f) Caring for how clean the oyster to the basket and outside the body shell, oyster invert, and check if the pearls have or have not been using x-ray diffraction. This treatment is done every 4 hours for 2 weeks, unless the examination with x-ray diffraction.


g) Moving to the oyster in the container have a pocket-shaped basket made of the net. In each piece there are 4 fruit bag. Each bag filled with an oyster. Vessel's swing to the exposition or longline mine. Oyster bags and cleaned every week.


D. Controlling Pests. and Diseases
Pests usually attack the body shell. Hama is a type of barnacle, racing, and is capable of polichaeta body shell oyster drill. The other pests such as animal predators, such as octopus and fish sidat. Prevention efforts with a clean pest-pest with a manual in a period of time.

Pearl oyster disease is generally caused by parasites, bacteria, and viruses. parasite that is often found Haplosporidium nelsoni. Bacteria that are often a problem between enalia other Pseudomonas, Vibrio anguillarum, and Achromobacter sp.

Meanwhile, the type of virus that is usually pearl oyster is menginfeksi herpes virus. Efforts to reduce the attack on the disease, among others, the pearl oyster
a) always monitors the salinity to be in the range needed to maintain health oyster,

b) ensure that the water temperature fluctuation is not too high, such as maintenance oyster does not close the surface of the water during the winter,

c) the location of body with the power selected brightness is good, and

d) does not choose a location on the basis of the muddy sand.


G. Harvest
After a period of 18-24 months, the pearl is harvested can be done. Next, harvest cleaned and choose quality.
source: PenebarSwadaya, 2008
Kima shellfish cultivation
Diposkan oleh Budidaya Ikan | 04:26
sea
0 komentar
Kima shellfish cultivation

Indonesia is the region of the distribution of 4 species kima is squama kima (T. squamosa), kima great (T. Maxima), kima holes (T. crocea), and T. derasa. In addition, there are also kima other species, namely H. hypophus, T. gigas, and H. porcellanus.


Tridacna shell is a kind of famous because of its size and relatively large body shell used as a raw material for industrial decoration. Because of intensive hunting, the type of shell is reduced so that the population to protection with the inclusion in CITES. Type of shell is not listed in the book production statistics for national and global.


A. Sistematika

Family: Tridacnidae
Species: Tridacna spp
Trade names: giant clam
Local name: --


B. The characteristics of Biology and the Aspect
I. Physical characteristics
body shell has a slit without byssus-tooth gear lock. When fully opened, lateral mantle appear through the body shell.


2. Growth and development
Kima growth vary according to species.
Kima the largest type size, namely T. gigas can reach the size of one meter and bobotnya about 200 kg.

Other types of kima is large T. derasa length of 6o cm. The size of other species, such as T and T squamosa maxima around 35-40 cm. Among the to-5 type of Tridacna is the smallest size T. crocea. The size of the type of pitch length kima is about 15 cm.


C. Elections Location Cultivation
Best location for power kima is cultivated areas that have clear water (brightness> 10 m) and high salt (34-35 ppt) throughout the year.


D. Cultivation vessel
Efforts indebted power kima basically lead to conservation activities or restocking / stock enhancement. A clear-minded activities charged in the case, especially the provision of seeds. For the maintenance of the seed used tank-concrete and fiberglass tanks.


From the ecological aspect, this animal is one of the marine organisms that live in coral ecosystems. Several types of kima live on the stick. coral. Moral power to vessel enlargement kima reef waters is open. Seeds that are ready tebar after juvenil is kept in the tanks for 3-4 months.

E. Management of Cultivation

1. Provision of seeds
Shells through this phase trocophore, which hatch from eggs flyblow changed to veliger. Next, veliger be changed again and eventually become pediveliger kima young.
stage (hatchery) covers maintenance flyblow resulting from a fertilized egg. Implementation in the vessel placed in the room (indoor) and outdoor (outdoor).


2. Maintenance of seed
Pendederan stages (nursery) in form of young oysters from the length, body shell of 0.2 mm to reach young kima measuring 20-30 mm. This activity is carried out using a tank-tank in the hatchery (residence seed).


3. Maintenance stages of the seed in the sea
At this stage the young kima size is about 20 mm in length to the vessel body shell. reach the 200 MM.


4. enlargement
Stages of enlargement, the size of 200 mm long body shell is ready to harvest, on the other. This stage has not been implemented in a commercial because it has not been economical.


F. Controlling Pests and Diseases
Pyramidellid parasite attack and cause the death of 100% of the T. squamosa used in the experiment. Kima is also often become prey octopus (oktopus). An octopus can take more than 15 kima tails in a few nights. Of the disease is not much known


G. Harvest
Kima enlargement is done on open water. Term harvest must be distinguished between the collection / capture of the old nature is prohibited, harvest basil and stock enhancement activities. To export the size (length 15-20 cm), long maintenance of about 2 years. Harvesting is done with the use of assisted taken a tool on the marked area, that area is the location of stock enhancement. Harvesting in living conditions, for example, to fill the aquarium, because the price will be more expensive than kima dead.

source: PenebarSwadaya 2008