“RUMAH PANGGUNG” AS SOCIO-CULTURE REFLECTION OF INDONESIAN LIVING

Wa Hesty 1, Ernawati 2 1 Department Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty Agricultural Engineering 2 Department Aquatic Products of Technology, Faculty Fisheries and Marine Science Bogor Agricultural University Bogor 16680 e-mail: zinn.irah@yahoo.co.id 1, erna_thp45@yahoo.com2 Indonesia is an archipelago country with megadiversity cultures from Sabang to Merauke. One of the most significant aspects in Indonesian culture is traditional house of each province. Almost all constructions of Indonesian traditional houses are similar which is known as Rumah Panggung, bit different in ornament depend on local characteristics. This houses design is believed become a local socio-cultural reflection of Indonesian living. Related to geographical and environmental aspects, Rumah Panggung has several important benefits especially in regulation of society spatial pattern. The purposes of this paper are to identify and reinterprets the influence of social and culture aspects to Indonesian traditional house design and it’s correlation with spatial and environmental aspect. This analysis is written based on literatures and some related research. In this paper will be compared several design of Rumah Panggung represents some cultures i.e. Rumoh Aceh (DI Aceh), Kasepuhan (West Java), Rumah Banjar (South Kalimantan), Banua Tada (South East Sulawesi), Dalam Loka (West Nusa Tenggara), and Baileo (Molucas), . Rumoh Aceh is very important for Aceh people. It is not only judged as living house but also as social status of the homeowner. The ornamental objects of Rumoh Aceh refer to the level of rich. Otherwise, the common people usually just use simple ornament in decorates it. In Sundanese culture, it is not permitted to use soil-made materials as the roof of the house. It is taboo to be done because soil is a sign of death. Another unique happens in house making. Welcome door is not recommended to be made in the same line to back door so the luck/ fortune that comes will not lose easier through out the back door. Banjarese culture is the unique blend of many elernents namely Kaharingan, Melayu, Javanese, Buddhist Shivaite, Western and the most dominant one called Moslem element. Banjarese people are religious adherents of Islam since they are Moslem and well-known for their strong faith of their religion. The mixture of varied cultures enables the Baujarese to welcome to receive new elements without losing their local identity. It affects most on their houses styles. For ordinary people Buton tribe (Walaka), the form of Rumah Panggung is known as Banua Tada. Pattern space with room arrangement, there are two parts, namely the right and the left. From the cosmological side, this house builds by avoid the valley or in other words, the house is not facing towards the slope of the ground or towards the valley. Because according to the tradition of Buton, valley, ground lowness, and the river are considered to dirty, unholy and insult. Otherwise, height and hill are places considered to clean and pure. Orientation Buton tradition can be distinguished by placing several parts of the house like, Tiang Kabelai , trellises, Bosu-bosu, Balok Bulusi, Tora and Totora. In public life of traditional Sumbawa (West Nusa Tenggara), some main families may live in Rumah Panggung. The inner layout is generally an assimilation of the traditional house form of Bugis-Makassar, which is combined with the architecture of a Malay house. Rumah Panggung in rural stage is preferably facing east or rising sun symbolizing the strength, fortitude, and hope overflow of sustenance. They have a strong brotherhood. Each village in Molucas, there is one house building that is different from most home residents. The building is known as Baileo as the original main building that don’t have walls. It is a kind of Rumah Panggung. Baileo is also Balai Bersama by native people organizations and local people to discuss various issues that they face and seek solutions. The local community usually put a Pamali Stone at the entrance of Rumah Panggung. Each design of traditional house in Indonesia has different social and cultural background. The similarity reflects on the technical function and the setting of spatial pattern (density). The design of Rumah Panggung is safe for water absorption, space underneath has important role in daily air circulation. Beside that, according to spatial aspect rumah panggung has a guarantee to avoid density risk in building. Keywords: Rumah Panggung, social, cultural, housing design, spatial